ABSTRACT
Introduction: Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) manifests with a constellation of common throat symptoms and inconclusive signs on laryngoscopic exam. It is a diagnosis, often made clinically, that can lead to prescriptions of proton pump inhibitors that are unnecessary and potentially harmful. Glottic insufficiency (GI) and the accompanying hyperfunctional laryngeal behaviors can also present with similar, common throat complaints that may or may not include a qualitative change to the voice. Methods: This is a reflection article. It is written to summarize, explain, and support with evidence the opinion of the author on the topic of how symptoms of voice disorders can easily be mistaken for symptoms of LPR. The offered reflection is based on his experience, research and the available literature. Reflection: This article intends to explore the similarities between GI and LPR, how to ultimately differentiate them and how to approach treatment with a broader differential diagnosis. Conclusion: LPR and GI can present with identical, vague throat, and voice symptoms. Empiric medication trials, behavioral interventions and objective laryngovideostroboscopy, impedance-based reflux, and esophageal motility testing may all be needed, sometimes in a trial and error fashion, to correctly diagnose and treat a patient's symptoms.
Introducción: El reflujo laríngeo-faríngeo (LPR, por sus siglas en inglés) se manifiesta con una serie de síntomas comunes en la garganta y signos no concluyentes en el examen larinoscópico. Es un diagnóstico que a menudo se realiza clínicamente y que puede llevar a la prescripción de inhibidores de la bomba de protones que son innecesarios y potencialmente perjudiciales. La insuficiencia glótica (IG) y los comportamientos laríngeos hiperfuncionales que la acompañan también pueden presentar síntomas de garganta comunes similares, que pueden o no incluir un cambio cualitativo en la voz. Métodos: Este es un artículo de reflexión. Está escrito para resumir, explicar y respaldar con evidencia la opinión del autor sobre cómo los síntomas de los trastornos de la voz pueden confundirse fácilmente con los síntomas del LPR. La reflexión ofrecida se basa en su experiencia, investigación y la literatura disponible. Reflexión: Este artículo tiene la intención de explorar las similitudes entre la IG y el LPR, cómo diferenciarlos finalmente y cómo abordar el tratamiento con un diagnóstico diferencial más amplio. Conclusión: El LPR y la IG pueden presentar síntomas idénticos y vagos en la garganta y la voz. Puede ser necesario realizar ensayos de medicación empírica, intervenciones conductuales y pruebas objetivas de laringovideostroboscopia, reflujo basado en impedancia y motilidad esofágica, a veces de manera experimental, para diagnosticar y tratar correctamente los síntomas de un paciente.
ABSTRACT
La parálisis de cuerda vocal secundaria a intubación endotraqueal es una complicación poco frecuente de la anestesia general. Se manifiesta con disfonía precoz luego de la extubación, y en ocasiones se asocia a aspiración. A continuación se presenta el reporte de dos pacientes sometidos a cirugía abdominal con anestesia general e intubación endotraqueal, que presentan una parálisis cordal unilateral en el posoperatorio inmediato. En ambos pacientes se realiza una laringoplastía de inyección con ácido hialurónico (Restylane®), con buenos resultados vocales. Uno de los casos tiene seguimiento a lo largo de dos años. Se describe esta patología y su manejo mediante una revisión bibliográfica.
Vocal fold paralysis posterior to endotracheal intubation is a very uncommon complication of the general anestesia. The symptoms includes hoarseness posterior to the extubation, and some times aspiration occurs. In this paper we present the report of two cases of abdominal surgery with general anesteshia and endotraqueal intubation procedures. Both subjects developed unilateral vocal fold paralysis after the process. The patients were treated with wedilization injection with Restylane ®, satisfactory voice's results were achieved. One of them has an observational time of two years. We describe this infrequent pathology and the treatment through literature review.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgery , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Laryngoplasty/methods , Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects , Postoperative Period , Anesthesia, GeneralABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP), medialization thyroplasty (MT), arytenoid adduction (AA) and injection layrngoplasty (IL) are the most common procedures to correct phonatory problems. There is no consensus that which procedure is superior to the other for correcting the glottal insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to compare the phonatory parameters between MT, AA and AA with IL (AA+IL) in patients with unilateral VFP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled patients from 2005 to 2016. Total 72 patients (49 male, 23 female, mean age 54.5 years) were classified into three groups ; MT (n=28), AA (n=12), and AA+IL (n=32). GRBAS scales, maximum phonation time (MPT), jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and voice handicap index (VHI)-10 and VHI-30 were preoperatively and postoperatively collected and compared between the three groups. RESULTS: Age, gender and cause of VFP were not significantly different between the three groups. In MT and AA groups, MPT, VHI, G (overall grade) and B (breathiness) were significantly improved. In AA+IL group, jitter, shimmer, NHR, MPT, VHI, G and B were significantly improved. In analysis of differences (pre-postoperative values), Δ jitter (p < 0.001), Δ shimmer (p=0.031), and Δ NHR (p=0.002) were significantly different and AA+IL group showed the greatest improvement. CONCLUSION: Analysis of voice parameters showed that all the three procedures for patients with unilateral VFP are effective in the improvement of voice ; especially in MPT, VHI-10, G and B scales. Compared to the others, AA+IL provided the better acoustic values including jitter, shimmer and NHR.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Acoustics , Consensus , Laryngoplasty , Noise , Paralysis , Phonation , Retrospective Studies , Vocal Cords , Voice , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to conduct post-voice therapy to patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis for vocal improvement, motility recovery and analyze the results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Voice therapy was conducted to 13 patients who had shown response to voice therapy amongst 98 patients diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. In order to be able compare before and after perceptual, acoustic and aerodynamic evaluations were conducted after voice therapy. Also, by using dysphagia checklist, we have verified whether if the patient had dysphagia prior to voice therapy. The therapy was conducted by improving the larynx movement and glottal contact, whilst removing hypertension of the supraglottic. RESULTS: All 13 patients who underwent voice therapy had shown improvements that are statistically significant from 4 scales excluding the S scale from auditory perception evaluation (p<0.05), with enhanced glottal contact. In acoustic evaluation, Jitter, Shimmer and NHR had shown significant improvement after voice therapy. MPT was also notably improved among aerodynamical evaluation (p<0.001). All 11 patients had with dysphagia prior to voice therapy reported to have improved swallowing functions. CONCLUSION: Application of adequate voice therapy to patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis, is an effective method that might be employed in the initial phase. Especially, the voice therapy proposed in this study is expected to be useful for patients in hypertension status due to secondary compensation after initial paralysis, since it focuses on improving vocal symptoms in a calm state with the supraglottis sufficiently relaxed. Also, the therapy is expected to be effective for improving swallowing functions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acoustics , Auditory Perception , Checklist , Compensation and Redress , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders , Hypertension , Larynx , Methods , Paralysis , Vocal Cords , Voice , Weights and MeasuresABSTRACT
Introducción: El manejo inicial de la parálisis cordal unilateral incluye la observación en espera de la recuperación de la movilidad o la compensación, terapia fonoaudiológica o inyección de medialización temporal para llevar la cuerda a una posición más favorable para el cierre glótico. Este procedimiento puede realizarse en pabellón, o vía percutánea en paciente despierto. Existen varias opciones, siendo el ácido hialurónico (Restylane®) uno de los más usados. Objetivo: Revisar la experiencia pionera en el país en la inyección de medialización de cuerda vocal con ácido hialurónico en el manejo de la parálisis cordal unilateral. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo, que incluyó a 15 pacientes con insuficiencia glótica a los que se les realizó una inyección percutánea con ácido hialurónico. Se evaluó la calidad de la voz pre y posprocedimiento (VRQOL), tolerancia al procedimiento y complicaciones. Resultados: El 100% de los pacientes mostró cambios significativos en el VRQOL, con un cambio promedio pre y post de 37%. El procedimiento fue bien tolerado en el 93%. No se produjeron incidentes durante la inyección ni tampoco posteriores. Conclusión: La inyección de medialización es un procedimiento bien tolerado, seguro y sencillo, que permite mejoras significativas en la calidad vocal. El ácido hialurónico es seguro y eficaz para la inyección de medialización.
Introduction: Initial treatment options for unilateral vocal fold paralysis include observation for spontaneous return of function or compensation, voice therapy to stimulate recovery of motion or function, or temporary vocal fold injection medialization to improve glottic closure. Temporary injection medialization can be performed under general anesthesia or in the awake-patient setting with local anesthesia. There are different options of temporary injection materials, being hyaluronic acid (Restylane®) one of the most popular. Aim: To review our pioneer experience in Chilewith the use of temporary vocal fold injection with hyaluronic acid in the initial management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Material and method: Retrospective study involving 15 patients with glottic insufficiency, who underwent percutaneous vocal fold injection medialization with hyaluronic acid. Pre and post procedure quality of voice (VRQOL), tolerance to the procedure, and complications were evaluated. Results: All patients showed significant changes in VRQOL, with a 37% average improvement. The procedure was well tolerated in 93%. No incidents occurred during injection orlater. Conclusions: The temporary vocal fold injection medialization is a well-tolerated, safe and simple procedure that allows significant short-term improvements in vocal quality of patients. Hyaluronic acid is a safe and effective material for temporary vocal foldinjection medialization.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgery , Vocal Cord Paralysis/drug therapy , Laryngoplasty/methods , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Quality of Life , Injections, Intralesional , Surveys and Questionnaires , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Introduction: Thyroid surgery rates have tripled over the past 3 decades. Currently, the main postoperative complications of this surgery are vocal fold paralysis because of recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction and hypocalcemia. Case report: We report the case of a 58 years old woman who presented with persistent dysphonia post total thyroidectomy. Laryngeal videostroboscopy evidenced unilateral vocal fold paralysis. We performed a percutaneous injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid achieving significant improvement in voice. Conclusions: Percutaneous injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid is a safe and effective procedure in the management of post thyroidectomy vocal cord paralysis.
Introducción: La tasa de cirugía tiroidea se ha triplicado en las últimas 3 décadas. Dentro de sus complicaciones se encuentra la parálisis de cuerda vocal unilateral secundaria a lesión transitoria o permanente del nervio laríngeo recurrente, lo que se presenta clínicamente como disfonía. Caso clínico: Paciente de 58 años, post tiroidectomía total evoluciona con disfonía persistente. Videoestroboscopia evidencia parálisis cuerda vocal izquierda en posición paramediana, con hiato fonatorio longitudinal amplio. Se maneja con laringoplastía por inyección con ácido hialurónico a cuerda vocal paralítica, logrando mejora significativa de voz. En videoestroboscopia de control al 7º día se evidencia cuerda vocal izquierda en línea media, con borde libre recto, sin presencia de hiato al fonar. Conclusiones: La laringoplastía por inyección percutánea con ácido hialurónico es un procedimiento seguro y eficaz para el tratamiento de la disfonía secundaria a parálisis cordal unilateral post cirugía tiroidea.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage , Laryngoscopy/methods , Vocal Cord Paralysis/surgery , Vocal Cord Paralysis/etiology , Thyroidectomy/adverse effects , Dysphonia/surgery , Dysphonia/etiology , InjectionsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: A persistent insufficiency of glottal closure is mostly a consequence of impaired unilateral vocal fold movement. Functional surgical treatment is required because of the consequential voice, breathing and swallowing impairments. The goal of the study was to determine the functional voice outcomes after medialization thyroplasty with using autologous septal cartilage from the nose. METHODS: External vocal fold medialization using autologous nasal septal cartilage was performed on 15 patients (6 females and 9 males; age range, 30 to 57 years). Detailed functional examinations were performed for all the patients before and after the surgery and this included perceptual voice assessment, laryngostroboscopic examination and acoustic voice analysis. RESULTS: All the patients reported improvement of voice quality post-operatively. Laryngostroboscopy revealed almost complete glottal closure after surgery in the majority of patients. Acoustic and perceptual voice assessment showed significant improvement post-operatively. CONCLUSION: Medialization thyroplasty using an autologous nasal septal cartilage implant offers good tissue tolerability and significant improvement of the subjective and objective functional voice outcomes.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Acoustics , Cartilage , Deglutition , Laryngoplasty , Paralysis , Respiration , Vocal Cords , Voice , Voice QualityABSTRACT
Evaluar qué utilidad tiene la reconstrucción multiplanar escanográfica de cuello en la biometría del nivel glótico en pacientes con parálisis vocal unilateral. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de 29 pacientes con diagnóstico de parálisis unilateral de pliegue vocal a los cuales se les realizó Tomografía Computarizada de cuello en fonación con reconstrucción multiplanar, evaluando el nivel de asimetría vertical, horizontal, las longitudes anteroposterior, transversal, y grosor y se caracterizaron las diferentes formas del pliegue vocal paralizado, así como el ángulo de asimetría del eje del pliegue y su relación con la línea media. Se evaluó también la lateralidad del pliegue vocal afectado. Con la intención de evitar sesgos en la toma de los datos se realizó una correlación intra e interobservador, mediante el análisis de medidas de kappa para variables categóricas y coeficiente de correlación interclase para variables numéricas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 29 pacientes en el estudio. La clasificación de la asimetría del nivel vertical reportó un 82% para el tipo 3 (más de 4 mm), seguido de un 10,3% y un 6,9% para los tipos 2 y 1 respectivamente. El nivel horizontal del lado no afectado reportó un promedio de 0.4 mm (DS: 0.28) y el del lado paralizado 1.46 mm (DS: 0.28) La longitud transversa, anteroposterior y grosor dieron para el pliegue vocal no afectado promedios de 4.47 mm (DS: 0.6), 8.4 mm (DS:0.8) y 1.59 mm (DS:0.26) y para el lado paralizado 2.96 (DS: 0.52), 7.5 mm (DS: 0.78) y 2.46 mm (DS: 0.32). La forma del pliegue vocal no afectado en aducción fue denominada como en dedo de guante y la del pliegue paralizado como redondeada en el 100% de los casos. Los ángulos de asimetría de los pliegues con respecto a la línea media reportaron promedios de 82° (DS: 5.41) del pliegue vocal no afectado y 66.6° (DS: 4.19°) para el pliegue vocal paralizado...
Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of neck multiplanar tomography reconstruction in the glottic level biomethrics in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Materials and methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study of 29 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis who underwent multiplanar reconstruction of neck computed tomography during phonation. The transverse AP lengthand the thickness of the vocal folds were established. The vertical and horizontal level of the vocal folds were assessed and classified. The various forms of the vocal folds were characterized andasymmetries of the angle formed between the vocal fold axis and the midline were determined. Frequencyof sidedness of the paralyzed vocal fold also was obtained. In order to avoid biases during data collection, variability intra and interobserver were also assessed by kappa tests for categorical variables and intraclass correlation coefficient for numeric ones. Results: 29 patients were included in the study. The asymmetry of vertical glottic level was 92% for type 3 and 8% and 2% for types 2 and 1. The horizontal level in the non-affected side reported a mean of 0.4 mm (DS: 0.28) and the affected side had a mean of 1.46 mm (DS: 0.28). Transverse, anteroposterior an width measurements were 47 mm (DS: 0.6), 8.4 mm (DS: 0.80) y 1.59 mm (DS: 0.26) on the non affected side and 2.96 (DS: 0.52), 7.50 mm (DS: 0.78) y 2.46 mm (DS: 0.32) for the paralyzed side. The normal vocal fold was tagged as finger glove shape and the paralyzed fold was tagged as rounded shape in the whole amount of subjects. Asymmetry angles reported 82° (DS: 5.41) for the non-affected side and 66.6° (DS: 4.19) for the paralyzed side...
Subject(s)
Vocal Cords/surgery , Vocal Cords/physiology , Vocal Cords/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: ln the unilateral vocal fold paralysis, it has been generally accepted that the level of the paralyzed vocal fold is higher than that of a normally innervated vocal fold. In this study, we introduce methods to detect the level difference between the paralyzed and innervated vocal folds, and observe the vertical levels of paralyzed vocal fold. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We conducted a retrospective review using video recorded images of the larynx. A total of 38 patients selected for this study complained of voice change due to a unilaterally paralyzed vocal fold. Video-recordings were obtained using a laryngeal telescope. The height was assessed according to the paralyzed positions, status (inspiration or phonation) and shapes of the paralyzed arytenoid. The shapes of paralyzed arytenoid during inspiration were classified as a body type, process type, tip type and no type. RESULTS: In the medial paralysis, a paralyzed vocal fold showed same horizontal level as does a normal vocal fold during phonation. But in some cases of medial paralysis, the vertical level was either lower or higher than the normal vocal fold depending on the types of paralyzed arytenoid during phonation. In the lateral paralysis, interestingly, most of the paralyzed vocal fold is not vertically higher than an innervated vocal fold during phonation. CONCLUSIONS: The height of paralyzed vocal fold depends on the paralyzed positions, inspiration or phonation, and shapes of the paralyzed atytenoid. The fact that a paralyzed vocal fold is placed vertically higher than a normal vocal fold should be reconsidered from now.